Notes
D. Cope, Bibliography of the Communist Party of Great Britain (Lawrence and Wishart, 2016).
K. Morgan, Bolshevism, syndicalism and the General Strike: The lost internationalist world of A.A. Purcell (Lawrence and Wishart, 2013).
Instructive too is the burgeoning work on syndicalist and anarchist activism under the rubric of the “transnational turn”, with its emphasis on actor networks. See L. H. Mates, “Syndicalism and the ‘transnational turn’”, Capital & Class 40:2 (2016), pp. 344–354.
I would like to acknowledge the generous help of Jack Fletcher (Bolton’s grandson), Emmet O’Connor, Kevin Davies and Don Watson, and the anonymous reviewers.
L. H. Mates, Great Labour Unrest, pp. 49–52.
“Independent Order of Rechabites, Salford Unity, Friendly Society. Declaration of Candidate”, 4 September 1908 (in possession of Jack Fletcher); Blaydon Courier, 13 March 1953; Turnbull, L., Chopwell’s Story (Gateshead: Gateshead council, 1978), n.p.n.
L. Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.; Mates, Great Labour Unrest, pp.60–61, 63–64.
Newcastle Journal, 15 March 1955.
Blaydon Courier, 13 March 1953; Newcastle Journal, 8 March 1955; Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.
L. H. Mates, Great Labour Unrest, pp.147–286.
National Library, Dublin, William O’Brien mss, MS 15679 (1), Henry Bolton letter to Jim Larkin, 19 July 1914.
L. H. Mates, “The Limits and Potential of Syndicalist Influence in the Durham Coalfield before the Great War”, Labor History, 54:1 (2013), pp.46-47.
Blaydon Courier, 30 September 1916; Challinor, R., “Jimmy Stewart and his Revolting Children”, Bulletin of the north-east Group for the Study of Labour History, 17 (1983) pp.8–12.
Blaydon Courier, 11 March 1916; 30 September 1916; “Henry Bolton” in “The Pearce Register of British WW1 Conscientious Objectors” available online at https://livesofthefirstworldwar.org/lifestory/7657095 (Accessed: 31 May 2016); L. Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.
Newcastle Journal, 17 March 1955; Jackson, T.A., Solo Trumpet: some memories of socialist agitation and propaganda (Lawrence and Wishart, 1953), pp.143–44.
Blaydon Courier, 1 May 1920.
T. A. Jackson, Solo Trumpet, p.156.
H. Bolton, The Place of the Co-operative Movement in the Sphere of Adult Education (Pelaw-on-Tyne: Co-operative Wholesale Society, 1923).
Blaydon Courier, 24 April 1920.
Ibid., 12 April 1919; 3 May 1919.
Ibid., 19 May 1919; 14 June 1919; 14 August 1920; 12 March 1921; 2 April 1921; 18 March 1922; 21 July 1923; 25 August 1923; 24 January 1925.
Ibid., 18 October 1919; 15 November 1919; 14 May 1921; 16 July 1921; 3 December 1921; 11 February 1922; 20 December 1922; 20 January 1923; 14 March 1923; 21 April 1923; 23 June 1923; 27 October 1923; 14 November 1923; 23 February 1924; 22 March 1924; 22 November 1924; 20 December 1924.
Ibid., 14 August 1920.
Ibid., 8 May 1920.
Ibid., 14, 21 August 1920.
Ibid., 28 August 1920.
Ibid., 26 March 1921.
Tyne and Wear Archive Service [TWAS], T148/5, “Report of the Superintendent at Felling to Chief Constable of Durham”, 21 May 1921.
TWAS, T148/6, “Report of the Superintendent at Felling to the Chief Constable of Durham”, 20 March 1922.
See text of Bolton speeches from public platforms in May 1920 and December 1922, for example, in Blaydon Courier, 8 May 1920; 20 December 1922.
Blaydon Courier, 10 May 1924.
Ibid., 21 June 1924.
TWAS, T148/7, “Report of the Superintendent at Felling to the Chief Constable of Durham”, 6 April 1924.
TWAS, T148/6, “Report of the Superintendent at Felling to the Chief Constable of Durham”, 21 April 1922.
Barron, H., The 1926 Miners’ Lockout. Meanings of Community in the Durham Coalfield (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), p.151.
TWAS, T148/7, “Report of the Superintendent at Felling to the Chief Constable of Durham”, 11 January 1925.
Blaydon Courier, 20 June 1925.
“Fight Like Hell” No.27, supplement Worker’s Weekly, 10 December 1926; Blaydon Courier, 20 June 1925; L. Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.
Evening Chronicle, 1 April 1925.
Blaydon Courier, 10 October 1925.
Ibid., 20 June 1925; Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.
Blaydon Courier, 15 December 1925.
Ibid., 24 April 1926.
Ibid., 18 May 1926; 8 June 8 1926.
[no named author], “A Council of Action – 40 Years Ago”, Labour Monthly, Vol.48 (June, 1966), pp.269–271.
R. Page Arnot et.al., “The General Strike, 1926”, Our History, Issue 22 (1961), p.27.
Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.
R. Page Arnot et.al., “General Strike”, p.24; Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.
See Short, G., “The General Strike and Class Struggles in the North-East: 1925–28”, Marxism Today, 14 (October, 1970), pp.306–315.
Newcastle Journal, 14 May 1926.
Lawther quoted in M. Morris, The General Strike (Penguin, 1976), p.57.
Northern Light, No.3, n.d.; Workers’ Chronicle, No.4, 7 May 1926 (General Strike Pamphlets, Gateshead Public Library).
Blaydon Courier, 22 May 1926.
Newcastle Journal, 14 May 1926.
Blaydon Courier, 22 May 1926; Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.
Ibid., 22 May 1926.
A. Mason, “The Miners” unions of Northumberland and Durham, with special reference to the General Strike of 1926” (Ph.D. thesis, Hull University, 1967), p.227.
A. Page et.al., “General Strike”, p.27.
Parliamentary Debates, Vol.195, c.802, 13 May 1926.
A. Page et.al., “General Strike”, p.20.
See L. H. Mates, “Durham and South Wales Miners and the Spanish Civil War”, Twentieth Century British History, 17:3 (2006), pp.383–385.
Blaydon Courier, 22 May 1926.
Newcastle Journal, 21 May 1926.
S. MacIntyre, “Red Strongholds Between the Wars”, Marxism Today (March, 1979), p.85.
Ibid.,
Durham Chronicle, 9 October 1926; Turnbull, Chopwell’s Story, n.p.n.
M. Morris, General Strike, p.103.
Blaydon Courier, 13 March 1953; Mates, Great Labour Unrest, pp.67–68.
Worker’s Life, 27 May 1927.
See Blaydon Courier, 24 April 1926.
“The Miners” Voice”, No.33, supplement in Worker’s Life, 9 September 1927.
Friends of Soviet Russia International Congress, November 1927. Report and Resolutions. (London: Labour Research Department, 1928); Blaydon Courier, 13 March 1953; Short, “General Strike”, p.314.
Workers” Life, 27 July 1928.
North Mail, 16 February 1929.
Ibid.,
“Fight Like Hell” No.7, supplement Worker’s Weekly, 23 July 1926; MacIntyre, “Red Strongholds”, p.86.
L. H. Mates, The Spanish Civil War and the British Left: Political Activism and the Popular Front (I.B. Tauris, 2007), pp.23–24.
Northern Echo, 23 July 1934. See also L. H. Mates, “A ‘Most Fruitful Period’? The North East District Communist Party and the Popular Front Period, 1935-9”, North-East History, 36 (2004), pp.54–98.
L. H. Mates, Spanish Civil War, pp.22–23.
Daily Worker, 3 August 1936.
Evening Chronicle, 4 August 1936.
North Mail, 9 October 1936.
Ibid., 6 February 1937.
Ibid., 10 October 1936. See also critical letters in North Mail, 6 August 1936; 2 September 1936.
L. H. Mates, “Radical Cultures and Local Identities: the North-east Labour Movement’s Response to the Spanish Civil War”, in K. Cowman and I. Packer (eds), Radical Cultures and Local Identities (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars, 2010), pp.213–231.
Durham Record Office, D/Sho 97, Blaydon CLP AR, 1936.
North Mail, 31 August 1936; Blaydon Courier, 29 August 1936.
North Mail, 19 August 1936.
See D. Watson, No Justice without a Struggle (Merlin Press, 2014).
Northern Echo, 23 July 1934; Blaydon Courier, 27 February 1937; 20 March 1937.
Blaydon Courier, 22 August 1936.
Ibid., 17 October 1936; Newcastle Journal, 17 November 1936.
Blaydon Courier, 20 March 1937. See Mates, “Durham and South Wales miners” and Spanish Civil War, pp.29–60.
Blaydon Courier, 2 January 1937.
Durham Chronicle, 19 March 1937.
See L. H. Mates, “The North-East and the Campaigns for a Popular Front, 1938-9”, Northern History, 43:2 (2006), pp.273–301.
Blaydon Courier, 6 May 1938.
Ibid., 13 May 1938.
Ibid., 3 June 1938.
L. H. Mates, “Campaigns for a Popular Front”.
North Mail, 6 February 1939.
Tribune, 17 February 1939.
L. H. Mates, “Britain’s De Facto Popular Front? The Case of the Tyneside Foodship Campaign, 1938-1939”, Labour History Review, 69:1 (2004), pp.323–345.
Newcastle Journal, 23 March 1955.
Blaydon Courier, 10 April 1942.
TWAS, Acc.5143, “An Appeal to the Miners of Durham” (n.d., February/March 1940).
Consett Chronicle, 2 April 1942.
Ibid.,
Ibid.,
Mates, “Most fruitful period?”
Mates, Great Labour Unrest, pp.107, 126.
Blaydon Courier, 10 April 1942.
Consett Chronicle, 2 April 1942.
The Times, 20 July 1942; Lawther, W., “Anglo-Soviet Trade Union Unity” Labour Monthly, 24 (March, 1942) pp.80–82; Sunday Sun, 9 April 1944.
Blaydon Courier, 13 March 1953.
Ibid., 10 May 1924.
L. H. Mates, Great Labour Unrest, p.22 and passim.
T. Benn, “The moral basis for democratic socialism”, in C. Mullin (ed.), Arguments for democracy (Harmondsworth: Penguin), p.130.
R. Crossman, (ed.), The God That Failed. Six Studies of Communism (Hamish Hamilton, 1950).
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